Stable monuments are required for both horizontal and vertical control. Monuments and their stability are integral parts of the accuracy of any survey project. Inaccurate survey control monumentation can contribute to costly errors in all phases of project design and development. This course establishes criteria and presents guidance on monumentation installation and documentation for all types of surveys required during the various stages of a civil works project. Topics: Development of a survey monumentation comprehensive plan Permanent and temporary markers Use of project control database Site selection, security and stability Corrosive environment Satellite visibility Cost comparison Horizontal and vertical control monuments Reference and azimuth marks Three-Dimensional monuments Marks of other organizations Witness posts, signs, trees and corners Structural deformation Monitoring targets and control monuments Selection of target or monument type Boundary monuments Jurisdictional requirements Construction and Installation procedures Naming of monuments Reference monuments Boundary marker sign Marker documentation and descriptions Inclusion into National Spatial Reference System Intended Audience: This course is intended for Construction, Geotechnical, Civil, Environmental, Water Resource, and other engineers whose job description requires a general knowledge of land surveying applications and procedures. Publication Source: US Corp of Engineers (Unified Facilities Criteria)